Proceedings Table of Contents
The Table of Contents contains the titles and links to abstracts in the order they appear in the Conference Final Program (as of November 1, 2011, the date of publication of this proceedings).
(Note: The Presenter of each paper is in BOLD type immediately following the paper title.
Co-authors are then listed in parentheses. Also:All abstracts in a session can be accessed by using the title of the presentation link.)
: Powerpoint presentations viewable in PDF format
Monday / November 7 / 8:30 AM – 10:00 AM

President, American Water Resources Association and Conference Chairperson
Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
Stephanie Moore
Conference Chair
Daniel B. Stephens & Associates, Albuquerque, NM
Mark Stone
Conference Technical Program Co-Chair
University of New Mexico Department of Civil Engineering, Albuquerque, NM
Laura Bexfield
Conference Technical Program Co-Chair
U.S. Geological Survey New Mexico Water Science Center, Albuquerque, NM

Journalist / Author of Blue Revolution and Mirage
Gainesville, Florida
Monday / November 7
Paul McKee, Amy Volckens, Amy Louise (Abstract)
Stephen Kissock, Bill Tai (Abstract)
Amanda White, Enrique Vivoni, Everett Springer (Abstract)
Julie Coonrod, Chi Bui (Abstract)
Subhrendu Gangopadhyay, Tom Pruitt, Levi Brekke, David Raff (Abstract)
Stephen Preston, Richard B. Alexander, Gregory E. Schwarz, Charles G. Crawford (Abstract)
Bryan Milstead, Jeffrey W. Hollister, Henry A. Walker, Kristen Hychka, Richard B. Moore (Abstract)
Juliane Brown, Lori A. Sprague, Jean A. Dupree (Abstract)
Sherry Wang, Bruce Evans (Abstract)
Stacey Armstrong (Abstract)
Pete Munoz (Abstract)
Peter Fant (Abstract)
Dianna Crilley, Dan McGregor, Jake Collison (Abstract)
Lordwin Jeyakumar, Yaqian Zhao, Y.S.Hu, Akintunde Babatunde, X.H.Zhao (Abstract)
Judith L. Dudley, Fredrick (Rick) Marotte, William J. Elzinga (Abstract)
W. Josh Weiss, Luke Wang, Thomas Murphy, Durbhakula Muralidhar, Brenan Tarrier (Abstract)
Mark Masters (Abstract)
N. Rao Sankarmanchi, Gregory Cavallo (Abstract)
Moderator - Cheryl Ulrich
Weston Solutions, Atlantic Beach, FL
Panelists
Cheryl Ulrich, WESTON Solutions, Inc., Atlantic Beach, FL
Andrew Szojka, Past President, Canadian Water Resources Association,Calgary, Alberta, Canada
Ada Benavides, HQ USACE, Washington DC
Michael E. Campana, AWRA President, Oregon State University, Portland, OR
In January 2011, the AWRA Board approved the Policy Committee's paper entitled "Water: The Call for a National Vision and Strategy." AWRA officially recommends development of a national water vision and strategy for how to best use, protect and manage our water resources. AWRA believes that a national water vision and strategy should be developed to provide a clear framework for sustainable management of our water resources, clarify roles and responsibilities, increase accountability, reduce conflict, improve the integration of resources, provide water security for future generations and save public funds by more effective use of resources. A national vision must be translated into strategies and policies that clearly define the roles and responsibilities of federal, state, and local governments and the public, and that establish a blueprint for future action. A successful vision and strategy must take an integrated approach, recognizing that water is inextricably tied to other systems that are already part of the built and natural environment, such as energy generation, land-use, and economic development. Even within the world of water, there are various issues--water quality, water quantity, and ecosystem/habitat needs that require closer collaboration than we see today. As part of these efforts, there is an immediate need for an assessment of the nation's water resources to include the current status of the resource, the future needs for water, and identification of gaps that exist in fulfilling these needs. At the same time, water managers in the U.S. must also develop more efficient ways to prioritize and use water quantity and quality information for decision-making. Policy-makers need a way to accurately assess risks, so they can prioritize the resources necessary to protect the nation's water resources.
Sarah Meyland (Abstract)
Benjamen Wright, Grantley Pyke, Nidhi Kalra, David Purkey, Larry Beckhardt (Abstract)
Armin Munevar (Abstract)
Kathy Freas, Armin Munevar, Greg Gates, Phil Pasteris, Les Lampe, Klint Reedy, Terry Fulp, Jim Prairie, Carly Jerla, Pam Adams (Abstract)
Nathaniel L. Booth, Lorraine Murphy, Eric Everman (Abstract)
William Cooter, James I. Rineer, Michele Cutrofello (Abstract)
Cassandra Ladino, Paul Hearn, Scott Phillips (Abstract)
David Wells, Raghavan Srinivasan, Jeff Arnold (Abstract)
Armand Groffman, Rebecca V. Hollis, Paul Mark, Bruce Gallaher (Abstract)
Amanda White, Paul Mark, Danny Katzman (Abstract)
Douglas McLaughlin, Hemant Bohra (Abstract)
Ted Gattino, Kevin Hedge (Abstract)
Kenneth Seasholes (Abstract)
Daniel B. Stephens, Mark Miller, Stephanie Moore, Todd Umstot, Deborah J. Salvato (Abstract)
Dandan Huang, Jason A. Hubbart (Abstract)
Rob Marshall, Jeanmarie Haney (Abstract)
Frank Ward (Abstract)
Alexandra Lutz, Jim Thomas, John Abatzoglou, Holly Diehl (Abstract)
Franco Biondi, Scotty Strachan (Abstract)
Jacob Wolf, John Abatzoglou (Abstract)
Jeffrey Geurink, Syewoon Hwang, Wendy D. Graham, Alison Adams (Abstract)
Cat Shrier (Abstract)
Mae Davenport, Amit Pradhananga (Abstract)
Linda Prokopy, Nathan Mullendore, Kathy Brasier (Abstract)
Lori Sprague, Robert Hirsch, Brent Aulenbach (Abstract)
Joanne Hilton, Michael Bain, Quivira Coalition (Abstract)
Scott Thomas, Stephanie Gindlesperger, Joel Barnard (Abstract)
Zhonglong Zhang, Billy Johnson, Terry Gerald, Mark Jensen, Cindy Lowney (Abstract)
Sarah Rutkowski, Keith Cherkauer, Laura Bowling (Abstract)
Enrique Triana, Alex M. Richards, Edwin G. Paulson (Abstract)
Pamela Kenel, Dan McCarthy, Les Lampe (Abstract)
William Swanson, Jill Chomycia (Abstract)
Moderator: Sigmund Silber
S. Silber & Associates, Santa Fe, NM
Panelists
Ned Godshall, Altela, Inc., Albuquerque, NM
Frank Ward, NM State University, Las Cruces, NM
George Bomar, Texas Department of Licensing and Regulation, Austin, TX
John D’Antonio, New Mexico State Engineer, NM
Gary Walker, Sandy Land Underground Water Conservation District, TX
The panel discussion will provide an opportunity for those in the audience to address their questions and express their potentially contrary perspectives to the presenters from the prior session. We anticipate that the New Mexico State Engineer will be a member of the panel. This session will also allow members of the panel to learn how these issues are being dealt with in other parts of the U.S. The focus of the panel discussion is how to increase New Mexico's water supply by either adding new supply or improving conservation efforts. The thesis is that there are currently obstacles to moving forward with both sides of the water balance and that these obstacles in many cases can be reduced. Special emphasis will be on cloud seeding, oilfield water water, institutional obstacles and the implication of alternative sustainability options but members of the audience should feel free to raise questions on any approach to removing obstacles which interfere with adding to the water supply or reducing consumption both of which have the same positive impact on the water budget.
November 8, 2012
Caitriana Steele, Albert Rango (Abstract)
Albert Rango, Caitriana Steele, Leeann DeMouche, Jaroslav Martinec, Ron Abramovich (Abstract
Jesse Roach, D. Llewellyn, W. Sharp, K. Grantz (Abstract
Laura Crossey, Lauren Sherson, Andrew Jochems, Jevon Harding, Emily Woolsley, Karl Karlstrom, Mark Person, John Wilson (Abstract)
Denise Fort (Abstract)
Emmanuel Nzewi (Abstract)
Cheryl Parker, Ryan Webb, Bruce Thomson, John Stormont, Mark Stone, Kara Hart (Abstract
Jason Hansen, Janie M. Chermak (Abstract)
Venkatesh Uddameri (Abstract)
Jordan Clark, Stephanie H. Diaz, Richard K. Bibby, Bradley K. Esser (Abstract)
Natalie Case, Julie Stromberg (Abstract)
Matthew Becker, Brian Bauer (Abstract)
Douglas Hunsaker, A.N. French, K.R. Thorp (Abstract)
Nawa Raj Pradhan, Fred L. Ogden, Steve W. Wollf, Jan M.H. Hendrickx (Abstract)
David Jordan, Peggy Barroll (Abstract)
Ayse Irmak, Suat Irmak, Nathan C. Healey, Ian Ratcliffe, Pariskit Ranade (Abstract)
Moderator: John Wells
Minnesota Environmental Quality Board, St. Paul, MN
Panelists
Steven L. Stockton
Director of Civil Works, Headquarters, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Washington, DC
Ari M. Michelsen
Texas A&M University System, El Paso, TX
Michael E. Campana
Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
Carol R. Collier
Delaware River Basin Commission, West Trenton, NJ
In January 2011, the AWRA board approved a position statement on integrated water resources management, where IWRM is defined as the coordinated planning, development, protection, and management of water, land and related resources in a manner that fosters sustainable economic activity, improves environmental quality, ensures public health and safety, and provides for the sustainability of communities and ecosystems. The AWRA statement calls on policymakers, planners and managers at national, tribal, interstate, state and local levels to encourage collaborations, policies, programs and plans that embrace IWRM. It also recognizes the magnitude of the challenge facing the nation, suggesting that IWRM will take a national commitment to:
- Clean water as a basic human right, and an economic and ecological necessity
- Planning for long term sustainability
- Participatory decision making
- Management based on sound science and hydrologic units
- Realistic measurement of outcomes
- Continuous improvement of institutional capacity at all levels
Eric J. Fitch (Abstract)
Felix Kristanovich, Simon Gaskell, Chris Halliwell (Abstract)
John F. Henz (Abstract)
Janie Chermak, Kate Krause, David Brookshire (Abstract)
David Groenfeldt (Abstract)
Michele Cutrofello, Fekadu Moreda, Brandon Bergenroth (Abstract)
David Judi, Alfred Kalyanapu, Brett Okhuysen (Abstract)
Laurel Lacher, Holly E. Richter, P. (Abstract)
Mark Murphy, Michael Milczarek, Jason Keller, Tzung-Mow Yao (Abstract)
Rick Henry (Abstract)
Dave Romero, Casey Cook, Bill Young (Abstract)
Kevin Bral, Lindsay Atkinson (Abstract)
Jan M.H. Hendrickx, J. Bruce J. Harrison, Brian Borchers, Julie R. Kelley, Stacy E. Howington, Jerry Bellard (Abstract)
Richard Allen, Ayse Irmak, Justin Huntington, Ricardo Trezza, Jeppe Kjaersgaard, Jan Hendrickx (Abstract)
Richard Allen, Ricardo Trezza, Ayse Irmak, M. Tasumi (Abstract)
George Paul, Prasanna H. Gowda, P.V.Vara Prasad, Terry A. Howell, Scott Staggenborg, Paul D. Colaizzi (Abstract)
Moderator – Mike Roark and Amy Louise,
USGS, Albuquerque, NM and USACE, Albuquerque, NM
Panelists
Mike Roark, USGS, Albuquerque, NM
Overview of URGWOM
Craig Boroughs, USBR, Albuquerque, NM
ET Toolbox, Application in Biological Assessment
Nabil Shafike, NMOSE-ISC, Albuquerque, NM
Rio Grande Compact and MRGCD Water Operations
Stephen Kissock, USACE, Albuquerque, NM
Watershed Modeling
Phillip J. King, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM
RiverWare Model for the Rio Grande Project Area
Amy Louise, USACE, Albuquerque, NM
Future Work Plan The Upper Rio Grande Water Operations Model (URGWOM) developed through an interagency effort is designed to simulate processes and operations of facilities in the Upper Rio Grande Basin in New Mexico and Texas from the Colorado-New Mexico state-line to Fort Quitman, Texas and complete accounting calculations for tracking the delivery of San Juan-Chama Project water allocated to specific users. Four separate URGWOM modules are utilized for modeling exercises and decision support: Planning, Water Operations, Forecast, and Accounting. These modules have been used in different applications. For example, the Planning Module is utilized to simulate different operation scenarios so that the subsequent long-term impacts of a proposed action can be evaluated on various indicators including deliveries to water users, river flows, interstate Compact deliveries and Compact status, and the overall water budget. The Water Operations Module is used to forecast operations, deliveries, and resulting flows through the end of a calendar year with forecasted inflows computed using the Forecast Module. The Accounting Module is utilized to simulate year-to-date conditions in the Basin and provide an updated status of account storage and deliveries made to water users. Some of the URWOM modules have been used in studies to comply with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). URGWOM has been adopted as the front line tool for river and reservoir management and water accounting in the Basin by Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). Lead agencies include USBR, USACE, New Mexico Interstate Stream Commission (ISC), and provide the most significant portion of the founding and have representatives on an Executive Committee responsible for final decisions on the direction of URGWOM development. An interagency Technical Team is responsible for URGWOM development and model administration, while the URGWOM Steering Committee provides oversight and direction on model development based on the needs in the basin. In this panel session the invited speakers will provide the conference participants an update on the URGWOM projects, discussion on technical challenges, applications of URGWOM in flood control planning and water operations, water accounting, and future work plan.
Oliver Obregon, Nathan R. Swain, Gustavious P. Williams, E. James Nelson, Jerry B. Miller, Nicolas A. Gonzalez (Abstract)
Charles Brendecke, Lee T. Rozaklis, Benjamin L. Harding (Abstract)
Richard Allen, Wenguang Zhao, Matt Germino, Venkat Sridhar, Clarence Robison, Jeremy Greth, Henk deBruin (Abstract)
Bradley Griggs, Leeann DeMouche, Albert Rango (Abstract)
Gwen White, Jon Marshall, Dave Case (Abstract)
Lindsay Graber, David Doerfert (Abstract)
David Doerfert, Courtney Meyers, Erica Irlbeck, Cindy Akers (Abstract)
Nichole Sullivan, David Doerfert (Abstract
MaryLynn Musgrove, Lynne Fahlquist, Richard J. Lindgren, Gregory P. Stanton, Natalie A. Houston (Abstract)
Brian Katz, Marylynn Musgrove, Lynne S. Fahlquist, Richard J. Lindgren, Christy A. Crandall (Abstract)
Laura Bexfield, Bryant Jurgens (Abstract)
Amjad “MJ” Umari, Charles Heywood (Abstract)
Justin Huntington, Charles Morton, Jordan Beamer, Adam Sullivan, Brad Lyles, Rick Allen, Greg Pohll (Abstract)
Adam Sullivan, Justin Huntington, Charles Morton (Abstract)
David Groeneveld (Abstract)
Pamela Nagler, Tim Brown, Kevin R. Hultine, Charles van Riper III, Daniel W. Bean, Philip E. Dennsion, R. Scott Murray, Edward P. Glenn (Abstract)
Co-sponsored by International Affairs Committee of AWRA
Moderator – Ari Michelsen
Texas AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University, El Paso, TX
Panelists
Phillip J. King NMSU-WRRI, Las Cruces, NM
Hydrogeological framework of Mesilla Basin
Mike Darr USGS-NM, Albuquerque, NM
Groundwater Model Development
Ari Michelsen, TAMU-TWRI, El Paso, TX
Database and Surface Water and Groundwater Interaction
John Bumgarner USGS-TX, Austin, TX
Water Quality and Geochemistry
Sharon Megdal UA-WRRI, Tucson, AZ
The Santa Cruz and San Pedro Aquifers
Saúl Peña, Geological Service of Mexico, Mexico City, MX
Hydrogeological Characterization of the Conejos Medinos Aquifer
The United States and Mexico share transboundary aquifers along the border. These transboundary aquifers are an essential and in many cases, the only source of water for border communities. Declining water levels, deteriorating quality and increasing use of ground water resources by municipal and other water users on both sides of the international border have raised serious concerns about long-term availability of this supply. Water quantity and quality are determining and limiting factors that ultimately control future economic development, population growth, and human health along the border. However, knowledge about the extent, depletion rates, quality, and solute movement of transboundary aquifers is inadequate and in some areas completely absent. Binational and multi-state collaboration is needed to develop new, reliable and comprehensive information on these critical aquifers. In 2006 the United States Congress authorized the US-MX Transboundary Aquifer Assessment (TAA) Program under Public Law 109-448, to conduct binational scientific research to systematically assess priority transboundary aquifers. Three years (of funding) into this program the results and binational cooperation are providing essential new information and a scientific foundation for state and local officials to address pressing water resource challenges in the U.S.-Mexico border region. Investigations are being conducted in partnership with the U.S. Geological Survey and border Water Resources Research Institutes and in collaboration with appropriate state agencies, stakeholders, Mexican counterparts and the International Boundary and Water Commission. This panel will invite scientists from both US and Mexican organizations who have worked on the TAA scientific programs and development of binational agreements to share their views and discuss with conference participants the results of binational research three transboundary aquifers including the aquifers characteristics (extent, storage and quality), well fields and groundwater uses, surface-groundwater interaction, information exchange, policy and governance issues and future research needs and plans.
John F. Henz (Abstract)
Lijuan Jia, Mark Stone, Karl Benedict (Abstract)
Dagmar Llewellyn, W. Sharp,J. D. Roach, K. Grantz (Abstract)
Venkatesh Uddameri, E. Annette Hernandez (Abstract)
Adam Munson, Joseph J. Delfino (Abstract)
Tadanobu Nakayama (Abstract)
Andrew Lieuwen (Abstract)
Claudia Borchert, Brian Drypolcher (Abstract)
Leon Kauffman, Zoltan Szabo (Abstract)
Jeff Starn, Richard J. Lindgren (Abstract)
Brent Huntsman, Daniel Wagel (Abstract)
Rafael Frias, Lynnette Ramirez (Abstract)
Erin Wilson, Timothy C. Martin, Phil Burkhalter (Abstract)
Gi-Hyeon Park, Nancy M. Thoman, Ryan W. Rasmussen (Abstract)
Walter C. Bausch, Thomas J. Trout (Abstract)
Tyler Johnson, Ken Belitz (Abstract)
Co-sponsored by International Affairs Committee of AWRA
Moderator – Carol Collier
Delaware River Basin Commission, West Trenton, NJ
Panelists
Chad Pindar
Supervisor Watershed Planning and Compliance Section
Delaware River Basin Commission, West Trenton, NJ
![]()
Thomas Beauduy
Deputy Executive Director
Susquehanna River Basin Commission, Harrisburg, PA
A panel of regulators from four states/interstate agencies representing different areas of the country will discuss their approach to protecting water resources during natural gas development using high volume hydrofracturing techniques. Many states have enacted new regulations to cover the different aspects of hydrofracturing - water withdrawal, well pad development and operation, and wastewater treatment and disposal. The panel members will discuss their programs and highlight pro and cons and lessons learned. Presentations will be time limited in order to facilitate discussion and dialog with the audience.
November 9, 2012
Jeffrey Herr (Abstract)
Matt Lindburg, Lavanya Kraus, Jennifer Winters (Abstract)
Jungseok Ho, Kevin Daggett, Julie Coonrod (Abstract)
Steve Veenis (Abstract)
Chris Corbin (Abstract)
Matthew Payne, Mark Griffin Smith; Clay J. Landry (Abstract)
Matthew Payne presenting for Skye Root (Abstract)
Taylor Shipman, Mark Myers (Abstract)
Paul Drakos, Jim Riesterer, Kirk Bemis (Abstract)
Jim Riesterer, Paul Drakos, Jay Lazarus (Abstract)
Jay Lazarus (Abstract)
Elke Naumburg, Jeffrey Heikoop, Jay Lazarus, Paul Drakos, George Perkins, Jordan Schoonover, Patrick Longmire, Mike Rearick (Abstract)
Marissa Reno, Howard Passell, Daniel Villa, Len Malczynski (Abstract)
Jesse Roach, G. Klise, H.D. Passell, B.D. Moreland, S. O’Leary, P. McGinn, P. Pienkos, D. Batten
Katie Zemlick, Vincent Tidwell, Barbie Moreland, Cesar Castillo, Howard Passell (Abstract)
Shann Stringer, Anna Hamilton (Abstract)
Richard Bowman (Abstract)
Paula Ballaron (Abstract)
Judy Dunscomb, Robert Burgholzer (Abstract)
Robert James, Michael Heralall (Abstract)
Amy Lewis, Darin Desilets (Abstract)
Katie Jagt, Mary Matella (Abstract)
Katrina Grantz, Edith Zagona, Craig Boroughs, Balaji Rajagopalan (Abstract)
David Zetland (Abstract)
Narishwar Ghimire (Abstract)
David Brookshire, Craig Broadbent, Don Coursey, Vince Tidwell
Brian Caruso (Abstract)
Kenneth Belitz, C.A. Burton,B.J. Dawson, M.S. Fram, J.T. Kulongoski, T.D. Johnson, M.K. Landon (Abstract)
Justin Kulongoski, Kenneth Belitz (Abstract)
Carmen Burton, Matthew K Landon, Kenneth Belitz (Abstract)
Michael Rupert, L. Niel Plummer (Abstract)
Les Lampe, Pamela P. Kenel (Abstract)
Yi-Wen Chiu, May Wu (Abstract)
Judy Jordan, Geoff Thyme (Abstract)
Kimberly Lutz, Richard Palmer, Christopher Hatfield, John Hickey (Abstract)
Adrian Oglesby (Abstract)
John Sanderson, Nicole Rowan, Thomas Wilding, N. LeRoy Poff, Brian Bledsoe, William J. Miller (Abstract)
Peter E. Black (Abstract)
David DeWalle (Abstract)
Gurdeep Singh, Dharmendra Saraswat, Naresh Pai (Abstract)
Josh Wyrick, Greg Pasternack, Paul Bratovitch, Tom Johnson, Duane Massa (Abstract)
Vincent Sortman (Abstract)
Randall Neudeck (Abstract)
William Swanson (Abstract)
Matthew Payne, Harry Seely (Abstract)
Richard Atwater (Abstract)
Susan Thiros, Laura Bexfield and David Anning (Abstract)
David Anning, Angela Paul, Tim McKinney (Abstract)
Angela Paul, David Anning, Tim McKinney (Abstract)
Jason Lillywhite, Alfred Jayakar Kalyanapu (Abstract
Janie Chermak, Vince Tidwell, James Price, Jeff Felardo, Jesse Roach (Abstract)
John Stomp, Greg Gates, Steve Shultz, David Jordan (Abstract)
Moderator – Cindy Dyballa
Consultant to the Alliance for Water Efficiency, Chicago, IL
Panelists
Sharon Megdal
Water Resources Research Center, University of Arizona, Phoenix AZ
Denise Fort
University of New Mexico Law School, Albuquerque, NM
John Longworth
New Mexico Water Use and Conservation Bureau, Albuquerque, NM
Much is known about how to achieve greater water efficiencies in human water uses, and also about the instream and riparian needs of various watersheds. But very few communities have put the two together. This panel will explore the links between water efficiency, instream flow protection, and watershed health, based on practical experience in the US. Water efficiency programs can satisfy many community goals: growth, drought management, avoided capital costs, and more. Can these programs also contribute to watershed health and improved instream flows? With ever-expanding demands for multiple water uses and increasingly insufficient supply, improved water efficiency can -- in concept -- help stretch water supplies and help protect aquatic environments. This panel will explore these issues from a variety of perspectives. Panelists will consider the nationwide applicability of several recent efforts to link water efficiency and environmental improvement, including a project of the Alliance for Water Efficiency, American Rivers and Environmental Law Institute exploring the linkage in the Colorado River basin, and a pilot of the Conserve-to-Enhance concept in Tucson Arizona that allows water consumers to connect their water conservation to environmental enhancement.
Lee Rhea, William Shuster (Abstract)
Jason Hubbart, (Abstract)
Jun Tu (Abstract)
Jungseok Ho, Drew Leeper, Julie Coonrod (Abstract)
Thomas McCarthy (Abstract)
Alex Sandu, Jianping Hu, Victor Harris
Mehul Patel, (Abstract)
Bruce Curtis, Bart Patton (Abstract)
Heidi Henderson, Lynette Guevara, James Hogan (Abstract)
Kelly Collins (Abstract)
Ralph Ford-Schmid (Abstract)
Vernon Hershberger (Abstract)
